ARPA-E. 2012b. Slippery coatings to reduce friction and loss of energy. arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=slick-sheet-project/slippery-coatings-reduce-friction-and-energy-loss (called August 1, 2016). ARPA-E. 2016a. ARPA-E announces $30 million in funding to improve the efficiency of energy technologies. arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=newsitem/arpa-e-announces-30-million-funding-increase-performance-energytechnologies (called April 19, 2017). If a Federally Funded Research and Development Centre (FFRDC) or State Laboratory (GOGO) is the lead organization of a project team, ARPA-E implements a funding agreement directly with the FFRDC or GOGO and a single separate cooperation agreement with the rest of the project team.

Regardless of the use of several agreements, the FFRDC or GOGO is the leading organization for the entire project, including all work performed by the FFRDC or GOGO and the rest of the project team. First, as other speakers have said during the session, the approval process for OTA agreements is slow. The use of the OTA opens up many negotiating issues and agreement on each of these issues takes time. ARPA-E. Final Assistance Funding Opportunity Announcement, Strategies for Wide-Bandgap, Transistoren for Controlling High Efficiency Systems (SWITCHES). DE-FOA-0000942. arpa-efoa.energy.gov/Default.aspx?Archive=1#FoaIdfee4af00-38f4-48f8-8ea1-abd6941fb77b (called May 13, 2017). In particular, Mr. Kovacs noted that although BARDA technically adopted under the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006, OTA was never used by the program. Instead, Kovacs offered models and lessons learned from the barda experience that allowed FAR to promote innovation and development. ARPA-E (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy).

2009. Low-cost silicon wafers for solar cells. arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=slick-sheetproject/cost-effective-silicon-wafers-solar-cells (called August 1, 2016). Reitenbach, G. 2015. The ARPA-E summit takes the pulse of innovation in energy technology. Power, February 11, www.powermag.com/arpa-e-summit-takes-the-pulse-of-energy-technology-innovation (called September 22, 2016). ARPA-E. 2011b. Energy Accelerator Fund/ARPA-E Congress Budget 2011. arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/ARPAEFY11BudgetRequest.pdf (available April 15, 2017).

ARPA-E. 2016h. Improved battery power and automated cell manufacturing: project shock sheet arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/. ARPA-E mainly funds projects through cooperation agreements. Under cooperation agreements, ARPA-E and Prime Recipients share responsibility for project management, control, management and implementation. In order to facilitate the awarding of government contracts with civilian enterprises while minimizing administrative burdens, legislation adopted in 19892 allowed secretaries of military departments to “conclude transactions (other than contracts, cooperation agreements and grants) for basic, applied and advanced research projects.” This OTA gives program directors and contract officers great flexibility in developing an agreement that meets the requirements of a given project. “There is no way to make another transaction. I keep hearing about new ways of doing things, and I say, “Go after it.” Anything that makes sense for business, go ahead. All of these benefits make public funding of the OTA an investment in technology development and commercialization.